The article discusses key events in the development of the Kurdish movement during Saddam Hussein's dictatorship. It analyzes the underlying reasons for the exacerbation of relations between Baghdad and the Kurdish population. With the complication of Iraq's geopolitical regional and international situation and the deterioration of the internal political situation in the country, the Kurdish question has naturally worsened again. The article also discusses the background of the creation of the Kurdish Autonomous Region (KAR) and the implications for the Kurdish movement in Iraq.

The article examines the formation, development and essential characteristics of the mutual denial of royal intermarriage and morganatic marriages of the House of Romanov in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The phenomenon of the growing prevalence of morganatic marriages over dynastic marriages, their direct dependence on social processes in Russian society and their impact on the situation within the dynasty are assessed.

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of A. A. Bogdanov's novel “The Red Star” and P. P. Infantiev's story “On Another Planet” (“The Inhabitants of Mars”). By these works we can judge about the ideas of revolutionary writers of the early twentieth century about the structure of future society, which appears to the reader in the description of the Martian civilization, as well as how and in what directions people of that time saw the development of science and technology. Genre, plot, the image of the protagonist and the fate of the authors of these works are very similar. Despite the similarity, the descriptions of Mars in them differ in many ways, which is largely due to the difference in the personalities of the authors, their character and way of thinking.

We continue to publish excerpts from F. A. Pisarkov (1917–1991), the author of memoirs about the Great Patriotic War published in 2017. The proposed fragment is part of the biographical story “Parents”, which in many ways supplements the memories. The story is based on the stories of his mother, Pisarkova (Safonova) Elizaveta Ignatievna (1889–1958), about her life in the Ryazan village and her impressions of life in mining village of Donbass. The story contains many vivid everyday sketches and details that are of considerable interest for studying the way of life and ideas of people in the first quarter of the 20th century. Also, the proposed material will help to trace the dynamics of changes occurring during this period in the agricultural and industrial sectors.

This article is devoted to the political activities and ideas of Maxim Rayevsky (Lev Iosifovich Fishelev) – one of the theorists of Russian anarchism, publicists, most famous at the beginning of the XX century, but in our time forgotten even by researchers of anarchist thought. Raevsky was actually the first among Russian anarchists to formulate the concept of «free Soviets». Analyzing the events of the First Russian Revolution, he developed the concept of a «transition period» from a capitalist society to an anarcho-communist one, in which state power, in a decentralized version, was to pass into the hands of Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. During the Great Russian Revolution of 1917–1922, this concept of a gradual transition to an anarchist system was adopted by many members of the anarchist movement.

This article covers the issues of formatting the borders of Taurida in 1774–1917. The author sees it necessary to trace the prerequisites, causes, dynamics and principles of transformations of the status and boundaries of Taurida in the period under study. As a result of long-term Russian-Turkish conflicts, in the 18th century the region came under control and became an integral part of the Russian state. It is emphasized that the process of changes in the political status and administrative-territorial transformations took place against the background of the changing international situation that influenced its course, and setting various tasks in the field of public administration.

The article examines the policy of Nazi Germany in the national and cultural sphere in the occupied territory of the Ukrainian SSR (in its southern and eastern regions). Namely, an attempt to sow discord between Ukrainians and Russians. Ukrainian nationalists were an active promoter of this policy. The reasons for their cooperation with the Germans, their goals, nature and methods of activity are analyzed. The effectiveness of the policy of the German Nazis and Ukrainian nationalists and the reasons for its failure are evaluated.

The article discusses the issue of what role can be played by stakeholder capitalism in Russia and in the world. After the 2020 World Economic Forum the word ‘stakeholder’ became very popular. Economists, financiers and investors say that stakeholder capitalism is future of the world economy. In spite of that, the analysis of various sources shows that certain conditions are required for the conversion of capitalism. One of them is the absence or low level of corruption. Small countries, which are easier to manage (Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Japan, etc.), have an advantage. However, in large countries (Russia, China, Brazil, USA, etc.), cases involving corruption and violation of labour and civil human rights are more common. This gives rise to a downward trend in real incomes, household debt increase, purchasing power declines, and world trade growth slows.