Davydov Alexander Yur’evich
– D.Sci., historian, Professor, Chair of Russian History, A.I.Gertsen Russian State Pedagogical University, St. Petersburg
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Nomadic and Meshochnicheskaya Russia : the Survival of the Russian Population in the Catastrophe of Civil War
During the Civil War and the Russian Time of Troubles there was a revival of nomadic consciousness inherent in Russian ethnicity. In stable times it was receding into the background and gradually becoming obsolete. However, it showed its true worth in an extreme situation. That very circumstance played a crucial role in the survival of the Russian population. A significant part of population moved on and became nomads. In this regard, the author relates this large-scale phenomenon to Russian bag people, or meshochnics. Millions of them were essentially nomads. The Soviet state declared war on them, generally for ideological reasons. The bag people movement became illegal. Having started the fight against the state, they met and overcame countless difficulties on their nomadic way. Ultimately, Russian nomads and bag people forced Bolsheviks to compromise.Keywords: nomadic Russia; bag people; types of bag people; the Civil War; railroad; barrier troops; requisitions; Narkomprod; markets; Sukharevka; political moods.Prehistory and Epilogue of the Tragedy: the Act of Terrorism in Berlin on March 28th 1922
The author draws attention to an event that, in his opinion, became a milestone and in some way completed the process of growing discord among the Russian intelligentsia. On the 28th of March, 1922 young monarchist emigrants killed the leader of the Cadet party V. Nabokov in the Berlin Philharmonic Hall. Since early XX Vladimir Dmitrievich and his associates had been guided by the liberal utopia, which was unacceptable for Russia at that time, and launched an offensive against the domestic monarchy. The ideology of the latter also became an utopia in terms of modernization; still the state continued to symbolize the stability capable of evolving. Meanwhile, liberals managed to undermine the authority of the political system. This resulted in a revolution, the Russian Time of Troubles and the rise to power of a new utopian group — Bolsheviks. Vladimir Nabokov experienced disillusionment and became an emigrant. He was shot by the conspirators, whose psychology and ideology were defined by the sovereign utopia and monarchical exaltation. The author believes that the fierce oppositions between collectives inspired by social utopias often became the dominant of domestic development.Keywords: V.D.Nabokov; cadets; liberals; empire; revolution; emigration; monarchists; the Russian Constituent Assembly; conspiracy; utopia.