N. D. Postnikov's monograph is dedicated to the party history of the Grand Duchy of Finland during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Based on significant factual material, the author has made the first attempt in Russian historiography to present a comprehensive picture of the origin, development and activities of the numerous parties of the Duchy. The narrative includes a wide panorama of the social, economic and public life of the principality during this period. Special attention is paid to the problems of relations with the imperial center. However, the factual richness of the study contrasts with the lack of a serious theoretical basis, when outdated terminology does not allow an adequate assessment of the essence of the phenomenon under consideration