The important question of land ownership and economic activity of noblewomen in the Russian Empire in the post-reform period is considered for investigation of the economic aspects of the women’s history. The decades of the 1860s – 1890s were selected for study, because according to research by academician N.M.Druzhinin’s, this epoch was the time of “ the victory and strengthening of capitalism with simultaneous conservation of numerous feudal remnants”. The article considers several aspects of female noble land ownership in the Nizhnii Novgorod province such as the size of land property, the marital status of female landowners, the line of inheritance, the entrepreneurial activity of noblewomen. The research focuses on the comparison of decades of the 1860s and 1890s as periods, mostly provided with primary archival data.