From the Renaissance on science pushed religion to the background and occupied the leading position in the humankind’s worldview. From the 18th century to the mid-19th century scientific discoveries followed each other in succession while practice followed in the science’s track taking these discoveries up and realizing them in public production. However thereafter science began to switch over technological improvement of practice. Notion of ‘scientific and technological revolution' was replaced with notion of ‘technological revolution' and science is getting to be more and more oriented to practice. In the past development of science provided the humankind with the industrial revolution. That determined transition of humankind to the post-industrial epoch which is characterized with instability and dynamism of political, economic, social, technological and other conditions. Practice has to re-adjust itself to permanently changing conditions. Therefore the innovative practice has become the principal characteristic of the contemporary period. If earlier, under a relatively long-term stability of way of life the public practice could wait for until science developed new recommendations and designers and industrial engineers developed and tested respective designs and technologies and only then these innovations would be introduced into practice nowadays such waiting has become senseless. Therefore practice has headed for another direction: practical workers have begun to create innovative models of social, economic, technological etc. systems. That has brought about authorial models of manufacturing, companies, technologies, methods etc. But to perform in such capacity practical workers need the scientific training, scientific education and need them more and more. Change of science’s role in the contemporary society and closing-in movement of science and practice create and will bring about significant impact on all aspects of life: politics, economics, social sphere, education, culture and so on.